Renal calculi and homoeopathy

One of best area for homoeopathy is renal stone cases most of the calculus are passed out fully or broken into bits by homoeopathy drugs.

Treatment is based on symptoms then we can take the location and side of stone for selection of remedy

Treatment duration varies according to individual lifestyle occupation and location of calculi

Only rare exceptional cases with very large stone needs surgery unless without surgery we can remove it.

The only system of medicine which has the ability to stop the recurrence and formation of calculi.

Aetiology
♦ Diet: Vitamin A defi ciency—it causes desqua mation of
epithelium which acts as a nidus for stone formation.
♦ Climate: In hot climate urinary solutes will increase with
decrease in colloids, which leads to chelation of solute with
calcium forming a nidus for stone.
♦ Citrate level in urine (300-900 mg/24 hours) maintains the
calcium phosphate and carbonate in soluble state and any
decrease in citrate level in urine causes stone formation.
♦ Infection in kidney: Urea splitting organisms commonly
cause stone formation, i.e. E. coli, Staphylococcus, Strep-
tococcus, Proteus.
♦ Prolonged immobilisation causes decalcifi cation of bones
and so hypercalciuria leading to stone formation.
♦ Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalciuria causing multiple
bilateral stones or often bilateral nephrocalcinosis (5%).
♦ Hyperoxaluria, as a result of altered glycine metabolism.
♦ Cystinuria (Autosomal recessive).
♦ Stasis due to obstruction to urine fl ow.
♦ Medullary sponge kidney.
♦ Randall’s plaque theory is erosion and deposition of urinary
salts as Randall’s plaque at the apex of renal papillae.
♦ Carr’s postulates states that minute concretions called as
microliths normally develop in the subendothelial part of
the tubule which will be carried away as particles by renal
lymphatic network vessels. If these lymphatics are blocked,
microliths enlarge and act as nidus for stone formation.
♦ Others: Sarcoidosis, myelomatosis, gout, idiopathic hyper-
calciuria, hypervitaminosis D, neoplasms on treatment,hypomagnesuria (Mg++ in urine acts as a complexing agent
and prevents nucleation normally).
♦ Renal tubular acidosis: Commonly causes calcium phos-
phate stone (10%).

Types
1. Oxalate stones (75%): Also called as mulberry stone as
it is brown in colour, with sharp projections. It is invari-
ably calcium oxalate stone, shows envelope crystals in
urine.
2. Phosphate stones (10-15%): It is either calcium phosphate
or calcium, magnesium, ammonium phosphate stone usually
occurring in an infected urine. It is smooth and white in
colour. In an alkaline urine it enlarges rapidly, fi lling renal
calyces taking their shape called as staghorn calculus. It is
radio-opaque and attains a large size.
3. Uric acid stones (5%) are smooth, hard, yellowish, multiple
and radioluscent. They are seen in gout, hyper uricosuria,
altered purine metabolism.
4. Urate stones.
5. Cystine stones (2%) occur in cystinuria where there is defec-
tive absorption of cystine from the renal tubules (autosomal
recessive condition).It is seen in young girls, occurs only in acidic urine. It is
multiple, soft, yellow in colour and the colour changes to
greenish hue on exposure. It attains large size. It is radio-opaque because it contains sulphur.
6. Xanthine stones are very rare, smooth, brick red in colour,
due to altered xanthine metabolism.
Here there is defi ciency in xanthine oxidase enzyme.
7. Indigo stones: Very rare. Blue in colour.
8. Struvite stone: It is compound of magnesium, ammoniumphos-
phate mixed with carbonate. It occurs in presence of ammonia
and urea splitting organisms in urine, e.g. Proteus; Klebsiella.

Shapes of Stone Crystals in Urine
Type of crystal Shape of the crystal
a. Calcium oxalate monohydrate Dumbell shaped
b. Calcium oxalate dihydrate Envelope shaped
c. Uric acid Yellowish of varying
size and shape
d. Cystine Hexagonal, very soft
stones
e. Triple stone Coffi n lid shaped
Clinical Features
♦ Pain—renal pain is located over renal angle, hypochondrium
and lumbar region. Often severe radiating to groin and testis
in male, with vomiting due to pylorospasm. Pain worsens
on movements.
♦ Haematuria is common.
♦ Pyuria.
♦ Fever.
♦ Tenderness in renal angle, with often a mass in the loin
due to hydronephrosis which moves with respiration and is
bimanually palpable, ballotable, smooth, soft.
♦ As urinary tract infection.
♦ Incidental fi nding.
♦ Often hypertension.
Note:
Food rich in oxalates are, spinach, tea, cola, alcohol, citrus fruits.
Investigations
♦ Blood: ESR, serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine, blood
urea, uric acid, PTH level.
♦ Urine: Calcium, urate, cystine if suspected only, pH, specifi c
gravity.
♦ Plain X-ray, KUB: To see kidney shadow, stones (90%—
radio-opaque).
♦ IVU to see renal functions and HN.
♦ RGP if required.
♦ U/S abdomen—can detect even radioluscent stones and
gives information about the changes in renal parenchyma.
♦ Urine analysis and C/S to identify bacteria.
♦ CT scan will identify the small missed stones in ureter.

Things to remember if calculi is present inside kidney not in bladder or ureter its harmful to drink more water it will affect the renal function due to obstruction

How to prevent renal calculi

1.never postpone urination
2.drink required amount of water at needed time
3.take lots of water rich foods and vegetables take fibre rich foods (tender coconut, watermelon, etc)
4.reduced a small amount of tomato mutton spinach according to type of calculi by consulting your homoeopath.
5.Don't use  anti-perspirant it's kind of suppression

Stay safe